Islam is one of the major world religions, followed by over 1.9 billion people across the globe. But how did Islam begin? What are its roots, and who was its founder?
This article offers a clear and concise explanation of how Islam started—from its earliest moments to its rise as a global faith.
1. The Historical Background: Pre-Islamic Arabia
Before Islam, Arabia was in a state known as Jahiliyyah—the “Age of Ignorance.”
- People worshipped idols and multiple gods.
- There was widespread tribal warfare, injustice, and moral decline.
- The city of Mecca was a religious center with the Kaaba, a sanctuary originally built by Prophets Ibrahim (Abraham) and Ismail (Ishmael) for the worship of one God.
Despite this, the belief in one supreme Creator (Allah) still existed among a few people called “Hanifs”—and Islam would revive this pure monotheism.
2. The Birth of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)
- Born in Mecca in the year 570 CE, into the respected Quraysh tribe.
- Orphaned at a young age, he was known throughout the community for his honesty and integrity, earning the nickname “Al-Ameen” (The Trustworthy).
- At the age of 25, he married Khadijah, a noble and wealthy businesswoman.
He lived a quiet and reflective life, often retreating to the Cave of Hira in the mountains outside Mecca to meditate and seek truth.
3. The First Revelation: Beginning of Prophethood (610 CE)
At the age of 40, while meditating in the cave, Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) appeared to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and said:
“Read!” (Iqra)
Muhammad replied, “I cannot read.”
The angel repeated, and the first verses of the Quran were revealed (Surah Al-‘Alaq 96:1–5).
This moment marked the beginning of Islam—the final message from God to mankind.
4. The Early Message: Belief in One God
The Prophet (ﷺ) began to preach:
- There is only One God (Allah), with no partners.
- Worship Allah alone, and reject idols.
- Live with truth, justice, compassion, and modesty.
- All humans are equal—no superiority based on race or status.
The early followers were a small group including his wife Khadijah, his cousin Ali, his friend Abu Bakr, and his servant Zayd.
5. Persecution and Migration to Medina (622 CE)
The Meccan leaders opposed Islam because it challenged their power and idol-worship. Muslims were persecuted, tortured, and even killed.
Eventually, the Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers migrated to Medina, a city that welcomed him. This migration is called the Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
In Medina:
- The Prophet established a Muslim community (Ummah).
- He created the Constitution of Medina, promoting peace among Muslims, Jews, and others.
- Islam began to spread peacefully and rapidly.
6. The Expansion and Completion of the Message
Over the next ten years:
- Many battles were fought in self-defense.
- Islam continued to spread across Arabia.
- In 630 CE, the Prophet (ﷺ) returned to Mecca without bloodshed, forgave his enemies, and cleansed the Kaaba of idols.
In 632 CE, during his Farewell Pilgrimage, he gave a powerful sermon emphasizing:
- The equality of all people.
- The importance of kindness and justice.
- Complete submission to Allah alone.
Shortly after, the Prophet (ﷺ) passed away at age 63, having completed his mission.
7. Islam After the Prophet
- The Quran had been revealed fully, and Islam was established.
- His companions (Sahabah) spread the message across the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and beyond.
- Islam became a global faith, deeply rooted in spirituality, scholarship, law, and culture.
Key Beliefs from the Beginning of Islam
- Tawheed – Belief in the oneness of God.
- Prophethood – Belief in all prophets, with Muhammad as the final messenger.
- The Quran – The final, unchanged word of God.
- The Five Pillars of Islam – Foundations of Muslim practice:
- Shahada (Declaration of faith)
- Salah (Prayer)
- Zakat (Charity)
- Sawm (Fasting in Ramadan)
- Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
Conclusion
Islam began with a man of truth and compassion, in a time of darkness and injustice. Through revelation, patience, and trust in God, the message of Islam transformed hearts and civilizations.
It calls people—then and now—to worship one God, live with purpose, and strive for justice and mercy in all things.
“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as your religion.” (Quran 5:3)
